Any American Reform Movements since 1877 Term Paper

Any American Reform Movements since 1877 - Term Paper Example Progressives used wealth and intellectual arguments to garner political influence. By 1910, progressives had enough political influence to sway major legal amendments and enact their progressivist ideas into law. However, progressivism received a lot of criticism because of its impacts on government, society, and especially the economy. The following paper critically analyses the progressivism reform movement as a controversial issue in United States history. Many Americans shared a series of beliefs about the motive of government, its organization, and policies briefly following the civil war. This consensus was shaped by the principles of the founding fathers.1 However, a new orientation slowly started to replace this early one between 1877 and 1920.2 The new orientation, progressivism, became more and more widespread and extreme through its conversion into modern liberalism. The progressives did not have a definite explanation for their identity. The progressives lacked a political party and instead included a number of them. These parties supported diverse representative and workplace reforms that frequently discriminated against minorities or just demeaned them. Founders of the progressive reform movement argued that God created human beings equally and gave them absolute rights.3 As a result, all human beings had to abide by the natural law that gives all men rights and responsibilities. Latter progressives like John Dewey rejected the founders’ idea of natural law and equality stating it is naà ¯ve and unhistorical as God did not create all men free4. Gradually, Dewey and other latter progressives deduced there are no permanent criteria of rights.5 The motive of government was not as important as a man’s existence and independence for the founders of the progressive reform movement. Dewey later argued against this motive of government by stating that the government is obliged to form institutes that

Child Witness to Intimate Partner Violence Essay

Child Witness to Intimate Partner Violence - Essay Example The issue of violence against women by a spouse of intimate partner became a topic of contention primarily during the Women’s Movements of the 1970s (Murphy & Ouimet, 2008). In fact, all acts of violence within a family setting are now referred to as intimate partner violence (IPV). Most studies are based on the support that the affected partner needs when he or she is affected by domestic violence. But very few of them focus on the emotional and psychological aspects of children who are witness to intimate partner violence. It is a fact that children are affected by IPV, and it may result in mental and emotional trauma that can extend into adulthood. It is true that the primary stakeholders in IPV are the battered person (often the woman), the dominant partner and those socially responsible for correcting or preventing the problem. But it is also a fact that the children (common or of those belonging to either husband or wife) are also affected by it. A study titled ‘Survival of intimate partner violence as experienced by women’ states that â€Å"children exhibited panic disorders, mental problems and suicidal thoughts in later life† (Flinck, Paavilainen, & Kurki, 2005). This observation has been found in other studies as well, indicating that children who are witness to intimate partner crimes may also need emotional and psychological support. For example, â€Å"children cannot help but be affected by their experiences of abuse and violence but the impact of living with domestic v iolence can affect children differently† (Jones , 2006). The authors refer to such children as forgotten, silent or invisible victims of intimate partner violence. In case they are very small, later periods may find such children with development problems, language problems, and stuttering. There can also be instances of abnormal bedwetting and